Fuels, Chemicals and Materials from the Oceans and Aquatic Sources provides a holistic view of fuels, chemicals and materials from renewable sources in the oceans and other aquatic media. It presents established and recent results regarding the use of water-based biomass, both plants and animals,for value-added applications beyond food.
The book begins with an introductory chapter which provides an overview of ocean and aquatic sources for the production of chemicals and materials. Subsequent chapters focus on the use of various ocean bioresources and feedstocks, including microalgae, macroalgae, and waste from aquaculture and fishing industries, including fish oils, crustacean and mollusc shells.
Fuels, Chemicals and Materials from the Oceans and Aquatic Sources serves as a valuable reference for academic and industrial professionals working on the production of chemicals, materials and fuels from renewable feedstocks. It will also prove useful for researchers in the fields of green and sustainable chemistry, marine sciences and biotechnology.
Topics covered include:
• Production and conversion of green macroalgae
• Marine macroalgal biomass as an energy feedstock
• Microalgae bioproduction
• Bioproduction and utilization of chitin and chitosan
• Applications of mollusc shells
• Crude fish oil as a potential fuel
List of Contributors xi
Series Preface xiii
Preface xv
1 Overview of Ocean and Aquatic Sources for the Production of Chemicals and Materials 1
Francesca M. Kerton and Ning Yan
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Shellfish-Based Biomass 3
1.3 Finfish-Based Biomass 9
1.4 Plant-Based Biomass 12
1.5 Summary and Outlook 13
References 14
2 Production and Conversion of Green Macroalgae (Ulva spp.) 19
Shuntaro Tsubaki, Wenrong Zhu and Masanori Hiraoka
2.1 Production of Ulva Biomass 19
2.2 Conversion of Ulva Biomass 27
2.3 Conclusions 36
References 36
3 A New Wave of Research Interest in Marine Macroalgae for Chemicals and Fuels: Challenges and Potentials 43
Ravi S. Baghel, Vaibhav A. Mantri and C.R.K. Reddy
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Macroalgal Feedstock for Chemicals 44
3.3 Marine Macroalgae as a Biorefinery Feedstock 45
3.4 Marine Macroalgal Biomass as an Energy Feedstock 46
3.5 Advances in Cultivation Technology 55
3.6 Marine Algal Cultivation for CO2 Sequestration 56
3.7 Opportunities, Challenges and Conclusions 57
References 58
4 Kappaphycus alvarezii: A Potential Sustainable Resource for Fertilizers and Fuels 65
Dibyendu Mondal and Kamalesh Prasad
4.1 Introduction 65
4.2 Composition and Processing of Kappaphycus alvarezii 66
4.3 Simultaneous Production of Liquid Fertilizer (κ-Sap) and κ-Carrageenan from Fresh Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed 68
4.4 κ-Sap as Potential Plant Stimulant 69
4.5 Manipulation of κ-Sap for Sustainable Biomass Intensification of Maize 71
4.6 Bioethanol Production from Kappaphycus alvarezii 72
4.7 Fuel Intermediates and Useful Chemical from Kappaphycus alvarezii 77
4.8 Environmental Impact of Fuel and Fertilizers Production from Kappaphycus alvarezii 79
4.9 Conclusion and Future Prospect 79
Acknowledgement 79
References 80
5 Microalgae Bioproduction – Feeds, Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Polymers 83
Clifford R. Merz and Kevan L. Main
5.1 Introduction 83
5.2 Microalgae and Bioproduction Methods 85
5.3 Microalgae Feedstock Products and Coproducts 94
5.4 Conclusion – The Path Forward 102
Acknowledgments 103
References 103
6 Innovations in Crustacean Processing: Bioproduction of Chitin and Its Derivatives 113
Heather Manuel
6.1 Introduction 113
6.2 Innovations in Crustacean Processing 115
6.3 Utilization of Marine By-Products 128
6.4 Bioproduction of Chitin and Its Derivatives 132
6.5 Conclusions 141
References 143
7 Recent Progress in the Utilization of Chitin/Chitosan for Chemicals and Materials 151
Bin Li and Xindong Mu
7.1 Structure, Source and Properties of Chitin/Chitosan 151
7.2 Isolation and Purification of Chitin/Chitosan 153
7.3 Derivatives of Chitin/Chitosan 155
7.4 Utilization of Chitin/Chitosan for Chemicals and Materials 156
7.5 Closing Remark and Perspectives 179
References 180
8 Characterization and Utilization of Waste Streams from Mollusc Aquaculture and Fishing Industries 189
Jennifer N. Murphy and Francesca M. Kerton
8.1 Introduction 189
8.2 Processing and Characterization of Mollusc Shells 192
8.3 Applications of Mollusc Shells 199
8.4 Conclusions 224
References 225
9 Fish Processing Waste Streams as a Feedstock for Fuels 229
Kelly Hawboldt and Ibraheem Adeoti
9.1 Introduction 229
9.2 Fish Processing By-Product 230
9.3 Chemical and Physical Properties of Crude Fish Oil 231
9.4 Oil Recovery Processes and Parameters 236
9.5 Fuel Properties of Crude and Refined Fish Oils 247
9.7 Upgrading Marine Crude Bio-Oil 251
9.8 Emission Comparison for Bio-Oils 259
9.9 Comparison of Crude Oil and Refined Oil Performance as a Fuel 265
9.10 Comparison of Fish Biofuels 268
9.11 Summary 268
References 269
Index 277
(leitura online e APP)
