Preface xiii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xv
1 Novel Fluid Catalytic Cracking Processes 1
Jinsen Gao, Chunming Xu, Chunxi Lu, Chaohe Yang, Gang Wang, Xingying Lan and Yongmin Zhang
1.1 FCC Process Description, 1
1.2 Reaction Process Regulation for the Heavy Oil FCC, 3
1.3 Advanced Riser Termination Devices for the FCC Processes, 10
1.4 An MZCC FCC Process, 19
1.5 Two?-Stage Riser Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process, 28
1.6 FCC Gasoline Upgrading by Reducing Olefins Content Using SRFCC Process, 36
1.7 FCC Process Perspectives, 44
References, 45
2 Coal Combustion 49
Guangxi Yue, Junfu Lv and Hairui Yang
2.1 Fuel and Combustion Products, 49
2.2 Device and Combustion Theory of Gaseous Fuels, 52
2.3 Combustion Theory of Solid Fuel, 53
2.4 Grate Firing of Coal, 55
2.4.1 Coal Grate Firing Facilities, 56
2.5 Coal Combustion in CFB Boiler, 57
2.6 Pulverized Coal Combustion, 60
References, 63
3 Coal Gasification 65
Qiang Li and Jiansheng Zhang
3.1 Coal Water Slurry, 65
3.2 The Theory of Coal Gasification, 70
3.3 Fixed Bed Gasification of Coal, 79
3.4 Fluid Bed Gasification of Coal, 90
3.5 Entrained Flow Gasification of Coal, 98
3.6 Introduction to the Numerical Simulation of Coal Gasification, 112
References, 116
4 New Development in Coal Pyrolysis Reactor 119
Guangwen Xu, Xi Zeng, Jiangze Han and Chuigang Fan
4.1 Introduction, 119
4.2 Moving Bed with Internals, 121
4.3 Solid Carrier FB Pyrolysis, 129
4.4 Multistage Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis, 139
4.5 Solid Carrier Downer Pyrolysis, 145
4.6 Other Pyrolysis Reactors, 149
4.7 Concluding Remarks, 153
Acknowledgments, 153
References, 153
5 Coal Pyrolysis to Acetylene in Plasma Reactor 155
Binhang Yan and Yi Cheng
5.1 Introduction, 155
5.2 Experimental Study of Coal Pyrolysis to Acetylene, 159
5.3 Thermodynamic Analysis of Coal Pyrolysis to Acetylene, 164
5.4 Computational Fluid Dynamics?-Assisted Process Analysis and Reactor Design, 171
5.5 Conclusion and Outlook, 183
References, 186
6 Multiphase Flow Reactors for Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Production 189
Tiefeng Wang and Jinfu Wang
6.1 Introduction, 189
6.2 Process Description, 191
6.3 Reactor Selection, 197
6.4 Industrial Design and Scale?-Up of Fixed Bed Reactor, 200
6.5 Industrial Design and Scale?-Up of Slurry Bed Reactor, 202
6.6 Demonstration of Slurry Reactors, 213
6.7 Conclusions and Remarks, 214
References, 215
7 Fischer–Tropsch Processes and Reactors 219
Li Weng and Zhuowu Men
7.1 Introduction to Fischer–Tropsch Processes and Reactors, 219
7.2 SBCR Transport Phenomena, 222
7.3 SBCR Experiment Setup and Results, 231
7.4 Modeling of SBCR for FT Synthesis Process, 249
7.5 Reactor Scale?-Up and Engineering Design, 259
Nomenclature, 262
References, 263
8 Methanol to Lower Olefins and Methanol to Propylene 271
Yao Wang and Fei Wei
8.1 Background, 271
8.2 Catalysts, 272
8.3 Catalytic Reaction Mechanism, 273
8.4 Features of the Catalytic Process, 275
8.5 Multiphase Reactors, 278
8.6 Industrial Development, 286
References, 292
9 Rector Technology for Methanol to Aromatics 295
Weizhong Qian and Fei Wei
9.1 Background and Development History, 295
9.2 Chemistry Bases of MTA, 298
9.3 Effect of Operating Conditions, 300
9.4 Reactor Technology of MTA, 304
9.5 Comparison of MTA Reaction Technology with FCC and MTO System, 310
References, 311
10 Natural Gas Conversion 313
Wisarn Yenjaichon, Farzam Fotovat and John R. Grace
10.1 Introduction, 313
10.2 Reforming Reactions, 313
10.3 Sulfur and Chloride Removal, 314
10.4 Catalysts, 314
10.5 Chemical Kinetics, 315
10.6 Fixed Bed Reforming Reactors, 316
10.7 Shift Conversion Reactors, 317
10.8 Pressure Swing Adsorption, 317
10.9 Steam Reforming of Higher Hydrocarbons, 318
10.10 Dry (Carbon Dioxide) Reforming, 318
10.11 Partial Oxidation (POX), 320
10.12 Autothermal Reforming (ATR), 321
10.13 Tri?-Reforming, 321
10.14 Other Efforts to Improve SMR, 322
10.15 Conclusions, 326
References, 326
11 Multiphase Reactors for Biomass Processing and Thermochemical Conversions 331
Xiaotao T. Bi and Mohammad S. Masnadi
11.1 Introduction, 331
11.3 Biomass Pyrolysis, 336
11.4 Biomass Gasification, 343
11.5 Biomass Combustion, 359
11.6 Challenges of Multiphase Reactors for Biomass Processing, 366
References, 369
12 Chemical Looping Technology for Fossil Fuel Conversion with In Situ CO2 Control 377
Liang?-Shih Fan, Andrew Tong and Liang Zeng
12.1 Introduction, 377
12.2 Oxygen Carrier Material, 381
12.3 Chemical Looping Reactor System Design, 384
12.4 Chemical Looping Technology Platform, 396
12.5 Conclusion, 400
References, 401
Index 405
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